Illustration

What is acne?

Acne is a skin problem. It happens when the skin gets clogged with oil, which causes pimples.

What is the cause?

Most teenagers get acne. During these years, hormones cause more body hair to grow and the skin gets oilier. The skin pores sometimes get clogged with oil and bacteria.

What are the symptoms?

You may have:

• blackheads (plugged oil glands with black tips)
• whiteheads (pimples)
• red bumps that may hurt or be filled with pus.

In very bad cases, you may get a cyst. A cyst is a bump that forms under the skin. It is larger than a pimple.

How is it diagnosed?

Your health care provider will check your skin for pimples, blackheads, or cysts. Your provider may ask you how long you have had the problem and ask about how you care for your skin.

How is it treated?

Your health care provider may give you:

• soaps or lotions
• lotion with an antibiotic in it to put over the acne
• skin creams with Retin A
• antibiotic pills.

For very bad cases, your health care provider may give you a medicine called Accutane. Women must be careful when taking this medicine. If you are pregnant or may become pregnant, do not take Accutane. It can hurt the baby.

Your health care provider may also inject large cysts with medicine. This will help keep you from getting scars.

When will my acne get better?

With treatment you will probably stop getting whiteheads after 4 to 6 weeks. You may have to take your medicine for several months. For very bad cases, you may have to take your medicine for several years.

If you take antibiotics, after a while your health care provider may ask you to stop taking them. He or she may want to check to see if you still need them.

If you are a woman, acne may get worse around your period.

How can I take care of myself?

Follow your health care provider's advice. It's also a good idea to:

• Wash your face 2 times a day with a gentle soap like Dove or Lever 2000. Change your washcloth every day. Bacteria can grow on damp cloth.
• Wash your hands often. It's a good idea not to touch your face. Don't rest your face on your hands while you read, study, or watch TV.
• Don't squeeze, pick, scratch, or rub your pimples. You may get scars.
• Shampoo your hair at least twice a week. Pull your hair away from your face when you sleep. Style it away from your face during the day.
• Wash as soon as you can after you exercise.
• If certain foods seem to make your acne worse, do not eat those foods.
• Try not to work in hot kitchens where greasy foods are cooked.
• Try not to get sunburned.
• Try not to become stressed. Take some quiet time, get exercise, or talk to a counselor if needed.
• Talk to your health care provider. Keep a record of the medicines you have tried. Write down how they have worked. Don't give up. Keep working with your provider until you find a way to keep your skin clear.